Two Different Views of the Story of Emmaus

Okay, the big news at our house is that we finally remodeled the only room in the house that we had not remodeled since we moved in 18 years ago. It was the guest bathroom. For those who like the Baroque style, the old bathroom still may still have held some charm. Old is not bad. Old can be good. The 1650's were not bad. But this was the 1970's interpretation of the 1650's, wherein we understand the distinction between “antique” and “dated.”

Everything had to go. Even the yellow toilet. All the art in the bathroom had ornate gilt frames to match the mirror. One of the pictures that was evicted held a certain sentimental value to me. I won it in a scripture memory contest at my old Baptist Sunday School. It was The Road to Emmaus, depicting the scene from Luke 24, where Jesus, after his Resurrection, joins two of his disciples, who do not recognize him, and walks with them to the town of Emmaus.

The Road to Emmaus, Robert Zund

I will venture to say that most people have seen this painting, and yet almost no one can name the artist. It was Robert Zund, a 19th century Swiss painter, who had a particular fondness for painting oak trees (and to his credit, painting them very well.) That explains why the setting looks less like the countryside around Emmaus and more like countryside around Lucerne. Nothing wrong with that, either.

Contrast this painting with a painting from almost three centuries earlier, The Supper at Emmaus. Though less familiar, that is, less reproduced, it is more famous. And everyone who knows the painting knows who painted it. Caravaggio.

The Supper at Emmaus, Caravaggio

The contrast between the quiet Swiss Protestant who is forgotten and the passionate Italian Catholic who has risen nearly to the top of history's greatest painters would itself be the subject for an article. But my subject is the subject they painted. They have chosen the same story, but each has emphasized a  different part of it. And that difference epitomizes the difference between the Protestant and the Catholic. I know. I have loved both paintings. And I have been both Protestant and Catholic.

As someone who grew up loving the Bible, I was particularly drawn to this story because it was about Jesus explaining the Bible. The disciples were distressed at the death of Jesus, and amazed at the reports of his resurrection, but then Jesus surprised them by saying, “O foolish men, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken! Was it not necessary that the Christ should suffer these things and enter into his glory?” It was the next verse that especially grabbed me: “And beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself.”

I tried to imagine the things Jesus said as he went through the whole Old Testament and explained all the messianic references, all the prophecies of his suffering, death, and resurrection. It would have been the Scripture in all its fullness. And Robert Zund's painting, though idyllic, still captures the rapt attention of the two disciples listening to the Teacher.

Caravaggio's painting captures what happened next. When the three travelers reached Emmaus, the two disciples urged the stranger to stay and eat with them. When Jesus sat down at the table with them, “he took the bread, blessed and broke it, and gave it them.” Then, just as they suddenly recognized him, he vanished out of their sight.

Naturally they were astonished. They rushed back to Jerusalem and told the Apostles that the Lord had indeed risen. They had seen him.

Caravaggio's incomparable painting captures that precise instant of the disciples recognizing Jesus just before he vanishes, that sudden astonishment. They have had a supernatural experience. Christ himself is present. 

Robert Zund's painting depicts the experience of a Protestant worship service: a sermon, a teaching from Scripture. It has a certain careful comfort to it. Caravaggio depicts the experience of the Mass.

He captures the sacrament, the miracle of the Eucharist.

It was not Christ's teaching about himself as the fulfillment of Scripture that astonished the disciples, even though they admitted that their hearts burned within them while he spoke. It was his presence. But they did recognize his presence in the Scripture teaching. They recognized it “in the breaking of the bread.”